The Second Sunday after Trinity – 21 June 2009

I Samuel 17, Psalm 76, I John 3:13-24, Luke 14:16-24

The story of David and Goliath is one of the most widely known and popular stories in the Scriptures.  It is so popular that most Americans, whether they are religious or not, know this story.  In fact, the story of David and Goliath is so woven into the warp and woof of American identity that most competitions such as the Superbowl, World Series, Stanley Cup and American Idol, are often called a battle between David and Goliath.   This could be because during the birth of our nation, the Revolutionary War, we believed that we, a small group of colonies with a small volunteer army, were like David fighting against a better-trained and armed military of the English Empire, which was like Goliath.   Most popular references to the story of David and Goliath assume one of two things.  First, that David and Goliath is a motivational story about the victorious underdog, who through courage, bravery and faith, defeated a larger, better-trained opponent.  The second assumption made about this story is that David is a role model for us who shows us how to face the giants in our lives that seem invincible and unassailable.  To be sure, we as Christians are called to be courageous as Moses said in Deuteronomy 31:6, “Be strong and courageous” and as St. Paul said in I Corinthians 16:13, “be men of courage.” We are called to be brave, as David commanded his men in II Samuel 2:7, “be strong and brave.” We must act through faith as Jesus said in Matthew 11 “Have faith in God” and as St. Paul said in II Corinthians 5:7 “we live by faith.” Furthermore, we must be prepared for battle as St. Paul said in Ephesians 6 “Put on the full armor of God so that you can take your stand against the devil’s scheme.”  Finally, we are to model our lives after David, who as the Lord says in Scripture, “I have found David son of Jesse a man after my own heart.” (I Sam 13:14, Acts 13:22) However, I am convinced that the story of David and Goliath was not primarily meant to be a motivational story giving us courage, stimulating our bravery, strengthening our faith or preparing us for battle.  In fact, I think interpreting the story of David and Goliath this way would be like interpreting the story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears to mean that the best way to make friends with strangers is to break into their house and eat their porridge, destroy their furniture, and sleep in their beds.          

If the story of David and Goliath is not primarily about us and our courage, bravery and faith, what is this story about? The book of I Samuel, in which we find the story of David and Goliath, was composed when the Jewish people were living in a terrible mess that they could not get out of; they were living in exile.[1]  Consequently, one of the purposes of Samuel was to show the Jewish people how they would get out of the mess of exile.  We can see this purpose woven into the story of David and Goliath.  At the beginning of the story the Jewish army is in a mess, they are in a state of panic and disarray because no one is courageous, brave and faithful enough to fight against Goliath but at the end of the story the Jewish army is victoriously plundering the Philistines for the giant, Goliath, has been slain.  I believe the question the first readers of Samuel would have asked is, “How did the Jewish army become victorious and get out of the mess they were in?” 

          We find our answer in these words of David, “Let no one lose heart on account of this Philistine: [I] will go and fight him.”  The only person with enough faith, bravery and courage to fight against Israel’s enemy was David and because David was courageous, brave and faithful, he fought on Israel’s behalf and when David fought on Israel behalf they were victorious.  How did the Jewish army get out of their mess? Through David.  The first readers of Samuel would not have understood this story as a "how to guide" on becoming courageous, brave and faithful; they would have understood it to be about their need for a son of David to be courageous, brave and faithful on their behalf.  I believe that the primary purpose of the story of David and Goliath is to show God’s people that if they are to be victorious over their enemies, they need somebody from the Davidic line to fight their battles for them; they need a representative warrior like David. 

          If the story of David and Goliath was not written as a “How to Guide” for courage, bravery, and faithfulness, then the story of David and Goliath is not about us, our bravery, our courage or our faith.  This story is about the victory of God’s people when someone from the house of David fights on their behalf.  It is a story that has its final fulfillment in Jesus, the son of David, who fought against our enemies on our behalf and who as our representative “took up our infirmities and carried our sorrows…he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities: the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed.  We all, like sheep have gone astray, each of us has turned to his own ways; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all.” (Isaiah 53:4-6)

In fact, there are a few similarities between the ways David fought on behalf of the Jewish army and Jesus fought on behalf of all of us.  Just as David went into battle without armor, so Jesus went into battle as silent as a lamb before the slaughter. (Isaiah 53:7)  Just as others mocked and ridiculed David, so Jesus was mocked and ridiculed.  Just as David fought his enemy using a despised weapon, the sling, so Jesus went into battle using the despised weapon of the cross.  

          We often forget that in the story of David and Goliath, the Jewish army was not victorious through their own courage, bravery, faith and valor on the battlefield; they were victorious when David fought on their behalf.  This means that we are not victorious when we are courageous, brave and faithful; we are victorious because Jesus has fought on our behalf and because Jesus has fought on our behalf we are victorious through him.  Is your enemy an inability to love? Jesus has conquered that enemy through his love on the cross, therefore go forth in his love.  Is your enemy guilt and shame? Jesus has conquered that enemy through his sacrifice on the cross, therefore go forth in his forgiveness.  Is your enemy pride? Jesus conquered that enemy through his humility on the cross, therefore go forth in his humility.  When Jesus, the son of David, fights on our behalf, we are victorious, therefore let us go forth in victory, not because we are courageous, not because we are brave, not because we are faithful, but because Jesus, our representative, was brave, was courageous, was faithful, and has already defeated the Goliaths in our lives.  Finally, let us now come to the Eucharist, the memorial feast of Jesus’ victory, not only remembering the victory Jesus won on our behalf, but also knowing that our champion, our warrior, our saviour is here in our midst.   



[1] I am assuming that I Samuel was written during the exile, although there an argument that this book was written after the nations of Judea and Israel had split apart, but before the exile.  Either way the Jewish people were is a mess that they could not get out of, a mess only solved through the Davidic line.